Column: Nature Notes

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09-04-2021

Column: Nature Notes - IMMUNITY

The complex network of organs, cells, enzymes, chemicals and processes which organisms use to protect their body from these external and internal threats is described as the immune system.
The immune system has two components:
Innate immunity is a first line of defence; it is general and not specific to any pathogen, has no memory and does not confer any long-lasting immunity to the host. Innate immunity includes physical barriers, mucus, biochemicals, inflammation and fever responses. It is found in all classes of plant and animal life.
Adaptive immunity provides a specific response to a pathogen. The initial exposure to the pathogen creates an effector response which eliminates or neutralises the pathogen. Subsequent exposure to the same invading pathogen will trigger a memory response which quickly recognises the pathogen and rapidly deploys a strong immune response to eliminate it. This response is found in vertebrates.
Not all external microbes are threats; in fact, certain bacteria create a micro biota

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