The theory and science of dog training is divided into Classical and Operative. It is worth learning the theory within the context of modern dog training, and understanding the gist of it. Most animal training is based on these sound and well-studied principles.

Operant conditioning is based on trial and error, with positive and negative reinforcement, and positive and negative punishment. The terms can be misleading: the positive and negative simply refers to adding or removing. We know positive reinforcement helps a dog acquire knowledge faster than positive punishment or correction, however corrections are sometimes needed with strong-willed dogs or dogs with a low threshold. Correction does not mean to be harsh or inflict pain: just enough to distract a dog from problem or unwanted behaviour; some animals just need a simple, firm “No” command or a brief leash correction. It depends on the individual dog and the handler’s understanding of that particular dog. The key factor is to avoid rough or severe kinds of positive punishment, as it will damage the bond between handler and dog, and it is unnecessary.

No animal species behaves a certain way for no reason. What is the purpose of the behaviour? It pays off to just observe and get to know a particular dog before any formal training. When trying to distract a dog, sometimes just ‘baiting’ a dog by showing him a treat or toy will re-direct attention away from whatever is preoccupying him and possible trouble; ‘baiting’ is frowned upon by some dog trainers, but if it works, it also becomes a reward for being re-focused on the handler. I nearly always carry a ball and treats, except at a dog park where the smell of food can cause unwanted attention and problems.

Most bad behaviour in dogs is the product of poor or lack of socialisation, especially between 8-20 weeks of age; future training will be much easier and successful than trying to change or modify a behaviour that is already well-established. What we consider bad behaviour is often an expression of boredom and other frustrations. A dog that needs a job will create one. Do not get a dog if you haven’t got the time to exercise, socialise and train him. And do not send a dog away for training. Proper dog trainers train the owner – the handler – because they are the person the dog knows, usually trusts and needs to listen to. Sometimes it may help to demonstrate techniques with another already trained dog.

Pam Brandis,
Dip. Canine Prac.